Authors:
Dr. Muhammad Waseem Abbas [1], Dr. Muhammad Irfan [2],
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/fahmiislam.v9i1.1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/fahmiislam.v9i1.1
Abstract
Transgender and intersex persons constitute a socially marginalised segment of society whose recognition, dignity, and fundamental rights remain significant concerns in contemporary social discourse. Islamic teachings, however, establish human dignity as a universal principle and provide a normative framework for the protection of an individual's life, property, honour, and social participation without discrimination. This study examines the social status and fundamental rights of transgender/intersex persons in the light of the Prophetic tradition and classical Islamic scholarship. It particularly explores their recognition within the Prophetic society and analyses Islamic perspectives concerning the protection of life, property, inheritance, dignity, and social inclusion. The study adopts a qualitative and analytical approach, drawing upon the Qur'an, Hadith literature, classical works of Islamic jurisprudence, and Qur'anic exegesis. The analysis demonstrates that transgender/intersex persons were recognised as members of society during the Prophetic period and that their social interaction was regulated according to relevant ethical and legal considerations rather than exclusion based solely on their physical condition. Furthermore, classical Islamic jurisprudence addressed issues such as inheritance and legal protection in considerable detail, indicating recognition of their legal and economic rights. The study also highlights the contrast between these Islamic principles and the social exclusion, discrimination, economic deprivation, and challenges to dignity experienced by transgender persons in contemporary Pakistani society. It concludes that the Prophetic model of human dignity, protection of fundamental rights, and social inclusion can provide an important ethical framework for addressing contemporary attitudes toward transgender/intersex persons and promoting a more inclusive and dignified social environment
Authors:
Sidra Bibi [1], Dr. Fatima [2],
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/fahmiislam.v9i1.2
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/fahmiislam.v9i1.2
Abstract
This study presents a qualitative and analytical review of the customs, manners, and ethical conduct of selected women mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, specifically as interpreted within Urdu Exegesis (Tafsir). While the Qura’nic narrative establishes these female figures, such as Maryam (A.S.), Asiyah (A.S.), Ayesha (RA), etc as paradigms of virtue, faith, and leadership. This paper investigates how prominent modern and classical Urdu commentators analyse the social norms, modesty, and societal roles of these women. The findings reveal that Urdu Tafsir bridges traditional jurisprudential frameworks with contemporary gender dynamics, often reflecting regional cultural values while maintaining textual orthodoxy. Ultimately, this research highlights how the manners of Qura’nic women are described in Urdu literature to offer moral, ethical, and practical guidance for contemporary Muslim societies, contributing a nuanced perspective to Islamic gender studies.
Authors:
Ameer Hussain Shehzad [1],
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/fahmiislam.v8i2.6
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/fahmiislam.v8i2.6
Abstract
This study examines the Sharia parameters of opposition to non-Muslims in the contemporary world in the light of the Qur'an, Sunnah, and classical and contemporary Islamic jurisprudence. It explores the doctrinal foundations of alWalāʾ wa al-Barāʾ, the concept of resemblance to non-Muslims (tashabbuh bi alkuffār), the juristic classifications of non-Muslims, and the limits of jihād and international relations in modern contexts. The study argues that Islamic teachings do not prescribe indiscriminate hostility towards all non-Muslims; rather, they distinguish between hostile and non-hostile groups and establish principles of justice, benevolence, and fidelity to covenants. Furthermore, the study analyses contemporary challenges, including globalization, media influence, Muslim minorities, and international agreements, and highlights the need for a balanced and contextual application of Sharia principles that preserves Islamic identity while promoting justice and constructive coexistence
4) "Superstition in Pashtoon Society: An Analytical Study in the Light of Islamic Perspective" 28-53
Authors:
Dr. Iftikhar Ahmad [1], Dr. Inayat Ur Rehman [2],
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/fahmiislam.v9i1.3
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/fahmiislam.v9i1.3
Abstract
No period of human history has remained entirely free from superstitious beliefs, customary practices, and their social consequences. Such beliefs and traditions have existed, in varying forms, among almost every tribe, nation, and civilisation. The divinely revealed laws conveyed by the Prophets primarily aimed at the moral, spiritual, and social reformation of human society. At the same time, these revealed laws did not reject all prevailing customs indiscriminately; rather, they accepted those customs that were compatible with divine guidance and prohibited practices that contradicted fundamental religious and ethical principles. The Pashtun nation possesses a long historical and cultural heritage. Despite geographical divisions, political boundaries, and tribal diversity, Pashtun communities have maintained a shared cultural identity throughout different periods of history. Various Pashtun tribes continue to preserve their distinct tribal identities while remaining connected to a broader national, cultural, and civilizational framework. Pashtun society is generally characterised by a strong attachment to ancestral traditions, family customs, tribal codes, and regional practices. Consequently, certain superstitious beliefs and inherited customs are observed with considerable strictness. In some cases, customary practices are given greater social importance than the injunctions of Islamic Shariah. This study critically examines the nature, causes, and manifestations of superstition in Pashtun society and evaluates prevalent beliefs and practices in the light of Islamic teachings. It also seeks to distinguish between culturally acceptable customs and those superstitious practices that conflict with the principles of Islamic belief, ethics, and social reform.
Authors:
Rabia Bibi [1],
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/fahmiislam.v9i1.4
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37605/fahmiislam.v9i1.4
Abstract
This proposed study examines the customs, legal traditions, and tribal practices of pre-Islamic Arabia in the light of the Prophetic Seerah and Islamic Sharīʿah. Arabian society before Islam was governed by an established system of customary norms that regulated family relations, commercial transactions, tribal administration, judicial practices, and religious traditions. Rather than rejecting these customs in their entirety or accepting them unconditionally, Islam adopted a balanced and reformative approach based on wisdom, gradual transformation, justice, and the objectives of Sharīʿah. The primary objective of this research is to analyse the Prophetic methodology in dealing with prevailing Arabian customs and laws by identifying the practices that were retained, those that were reformed, and those that were abolished. The study further explores the legal status of custom (ʿUrf) within Islamic law and examines how classical Islamic jurisprudence incorporated customary practices within the framework of Sharīʿah. Employing historical, analytical, and comparative research methods, this study will primarily rely on the Qur'an, the Sunnah, classical Seerah literature, authoritative works of Islamic jurisprudence, and historical sources on pre-Islamic Arabia. It is expected that the findings will demonstrate the flexibility and reformative nature of Islamic law and provide a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between customary law, the Prophetic model of social reform, and the objectives of Sharīʿah. The study also aims to contribute to contemporary discussions on Islamic legal thought and social transformation by presenting the Prophetic approach as a balanced model for engaging with cultural and legal traditions.
Volume No. 09
Issue No. 01
